| Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction |
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is generally defined by echocardiographic indices. When discussing"congestive heart failure secondary to left ventricular diastolic dysfunction" the left ventricular ejection fraction must be >0.40 (>40%).
Besides the ejection fraction of >0.40, key echocardiographic findings are a reduced ratio of early to late ventricular filling (reduced E/A ratio) or indirect indices of elevated left atrial, pulmonary venous, or left ventricular diastolic pressures. |